Pulse-width modulation (PWM) is a technique that modifies the duty cycle of a pulsing signal to encode information or to control the amount of energy provided to a charge. The TPM (Timer/PWM Module) is a channel timer that supports input capture, output compare, and the generation of PWM signals to control electrical motor and power management applications. The counter, compare, and capture registers are clocked by an asynchronous clock that can remain enabled in low power modes.

On the ConnectCore 93 system-on-module:

  • Has six TPM instances (from TPM1 to TPM6) with 4 channels each, most of them available from the i.MX93 system-on-chip (multiplexed with other signals).

On the ConnectCore 93 Development Kit:

  • TPM6 CH1 is used as LVDS PWM backlight.

Kernel configuration

You can manage the i.MX93 PWM driver support through the following kernel configuration option:

  • i.MX TPM PWM support (CONFIG_PWM_IMX_TPM)

This option is enabled as built-in on the default ConnectCore 93 kernel configuration file.

Kernel driver

The driver for the i.MX93 PWM is located at:

File Description

drivers/pwm/pwm-imx-tpm.c

PWM driver

Device tree bindings and customization

The i.MX93 PWM interface is documented at Documentation/devicetree/bindings/pwm/imx-tpm-pwm.yaml.

i.MX93 PWM interfaces

The common i.MX93 CPU device tree file contains entries for all TPM instances.

i.MX93 device tree
		tpm1: pwm@44310000 {
			compatible = "fsl,imx7ulp-pwm";
			reg = <0x44310000 0x1000>;
			clocks = <&clk IMX93_CLK_TPM1_GATE>;
			#pwm-cells = <3>;
			status = "disabled";
		};

		tpm2: pwm@44320000 {
			compatible = "fsl,imx7ulp-pwm";
			reg = <0x44320000 0x10000>;
			clocks = <&clk IMX93_CLK_TPM2_GATE>;
			#pwm-cells = <3>;
			status = "disabled";
		};
[...]
		tpm3: pwm@424e0000 {
			compatible = "fsl,imx7ulp-pwm";
			reg = <0x424e0000 0x1000>;
			clocks = <&clk IMX93_CLK_TPM3_GATE>;
			#pwm-cells = <3>;
			status = "disabled";
		};

		tpm4: pwm@424f0000 {
			compatible = "fsl,imx7ulp-pwm";
			reg = <0x424f0000 0x10000>;
			clocks = <&clk IMX93_CLK_TPM4_GATE>;
			#pwm-cells = <3>;
			status = "disabled";
		};

		tpm5: pwm@42500000 {
			compatible = "fsl,imx7ulp-pwm";
			reg = <0x42500000 0x10000>;
			clocks = <&clk IMX93_CLK_TPM5_GATE>;
			#pwm-cells = <3>;
			status = "disabled";
		};

		tpm6: pwm@42510000 {
			compatible = "fsl,imx7ulp-pwm";
			reg = <0x42510000 0x10000>;
			clocks = <&clk IMX93_CLK_TPM6_GATE>;
			#pwm-cells = <3>;
			status = "disabled";
		};

IOMUX configuration

You must configure the pads that are to be used as i.MX93 PWMs. See Pin multiplexing (IOMUX).

i.MX93 pads should only have one IOMUX configuration. Remove other configurations for those pads, like GPIO, when configuring them as PWMs.

ccimx93-dvk_lvds.dtso device tree overlay enables TPM6 CH1, available on the ConnectCore 93 Development Kit J31 LVDS connector:

  • TPM6 CH1 corresponds to pad GPIO2_IO23.

Depending on the frequency of the PWM signal and the hardware around it, you must carefully select the pad settings (the numerical values following the IOMUX definition on the device tree). See Documentation/devicetree/bindings/pinctrl/fsl,imx93-pinctrl.yaml for information about the different values. Also see the NXP application note AN5078 Influence of pin setting on system function and performance for additional information.

Example: enable TPM6 CH1 on ConnectCore 93 Development Kit

For example, to enable TPM6 CH1 you must:

  • Configure the pad GPIO2_IO23 IOMUX as TPM6_CH1.

  • Enable the TPM node.

ConnectCore 93 Development Kit device tree
&tpm6 {
	pinctrl-names = "default";
	pinctrl-0 = <&pinctrl_tpm6>;
	status = "okay";
};

&iomuxc {
	pinctrl_tpm6: tpm6grp {
		fsl,pins = <
			MX93_PAD_GPIO_IO23__TPM6_CH1		0x19e
		>;
	};
};

Use the PWM channels

Using Digi APIx library from a C application

An example application called apix-pwm-example is included in the dey-examples-digiapix recipe (part of dey-examples package) of the meta-digi layer. This application shows how to generate a PWM signal using Digi APIx library on the ConnectCore 93 platform.

Go to GitHub to see the application instructions and source code.

See PWM API for more information about the PWM APIx.

See also